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The Emacs Editor
****************

Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
display editor.  This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
22.2.

   To learn more about the Info documentation system, type `h', and
Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the Info
commands.

   For information on extending Emacs, see Note: Emacs Lisp.

Distrib: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
Copying: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
GNU Free Documentation License: The license for this documentation.
Intro: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
Glossary: Terms used in this manual.
Antinews: Information about Emacs version 21.
Mac OS: Using Emacs in the Mac.
Microsoft Windows: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS.
Manifesto: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
Acknowledgments: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.

Indexes (each index contains a large menu)

Key Index: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
Option Index: An item for every command-line option.
Command Index: An item for each command name.
Variable Index: An item for each documented variable.
Concept Index: An item for each concept.

Important General Concepts

Screen: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
User Input: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
Keys: Key sequences: what you type to request one
Commands: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
Text Characters: Character set for text (the contents of buffers
Entering Emacs: Starting Emacs from the shell.
Exiting: Stopping or killing Emacs.
Emacs Invocation: Hairy startup options.

Fundamental Editing Commands

Basic: The most basic editing commands.
Minibuffer: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
M-x: Invoking commands by their names.
Help: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.

Important Text-Changing Commands

Mark: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
Killing: Killing (cutting) text.
Yanking: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
Accumulating Text: Other ways of copying text.
Rectangles: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
Registers: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
Display: Controlling what text is displayed.
Search: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
Fixit: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
Keyboard Macros: A keyboard macro records a sequence of

Major Structures of Emacs

Files: All about handling files.
Buffers: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
Windows: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
Frames: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
International: Using non-ASCII character sets (the MULE features).

Advanced Features

Major Modes: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
Indentation: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
Text: Commands and modes for editing English.
Programs: Commands and modes for editing programs.
Building: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
Maintaining: Features for maintaining large programs.
Abbrevs: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
Picture Mode: Editing pictures made up of characters using
Sending Mail: Sending mail in Emacs.
Rmail: Reading mail in Emacs.
Dired: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
Calendar/Diary: The calendar and diary facilities.
Gnus: How to read netnews with Emacs.
Shell: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
Emacs Server: Using Emacs as an editing server for `mail', etc.
Printing: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
Sorting: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
Narrowing: Restricting display and editing to a portion
Two-Column: Splitting apart columns to edit them
Editing Binary Files: Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
Saving Emacs Sessions: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
Recursive Edit: A command can allow you to do editing
Emulation: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
Hyperlinking: Following links in buffers.
Dissociated Press: Dissociating text for fun.
Amusements: Various games and hacks.
Customization: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
X Resources: X resources for customizing Emacs.

Recovery from Problems

Quitting: Quitting and aborting.
Lossage: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
Bugs: How and when to report a bug.
Contributing: How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
Service: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.

--- The Detailed Node Listing --- --------------------------------- Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: The Organization of the Screen

Point: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
Echo Area: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
Mode Line: Interpreting the mode line.
Menu Bar: How to use the menu bar.

Basic Editing Commands

Inserting Text: Inserting text by simply typing it.
Moving Point: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
Erasing: Deleting and killing text.
Basic Undo: Undoing recent changes in the text.
Basic Files: Visiting, creating, and saving files.
Basic Help: Asking what a character does.
Blank Lines: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
Continuation Lines: Lines too wide for the screen.
Position Info: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
Arguments: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
Repeating: A short-cut for repeating the previous command.

The Minibuffer

Minibuffer File: Entering file names with the minibuffer.
Minibuffer Edit: How to edit in the minibuffer.
Completion: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
Minibuffer History: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
Repetition: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.

Completion

Example: Completion Example. Examples of using completion.
Commands: Completion Commands. A list of completion commands.
Strict Completion: Different types of completion.
Options: Completion Options. Options for completion.

Help

Help Summary: Brief list of all Help commands.
Key Help: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
Name Help: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
Apropos: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
Help Mode: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers.
Library Keywords: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
Language Help: Help relating to international language support.
Misc Help: Other help commands.
Help Files: Commands to display pre-written help files.
Help Echo: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help')

The Mark and the Region

Setting Mark: Commands to set the mark.
Transient Mark: How to make Emacs highlight the region--
Momentary Mark: Enabling Transient Mark mode momentarily.
Using Region: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
Marking Objects: Commands to put region around textual units.
Mark Ring: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
Global Mark Ring: Previous mark positions in various buffers.

Killing and Moving Text

Deletion: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
Killing by Lines: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
Other Kill Commands: Commands to kill large regions of text and
CUA Bindings: Using C-x, C-c, C-v for copy

Yanking

Kill Ring: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
Appending Kills: Several kills in a row all yank together.
Earlier Kills: Yanking something killed some time ago.

Registers

RegPos: Saving positions in registers.
RegText: Saving text in registers.
RegRect: Saving rectangles in registers.
RegConfig: Saving window configurations in registers.
RegNumbers: Numbers in registers.
RegFiles: File names in registers.
Bookmarks: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.

Controlling the Display

Scrolling: Moving text up and down in a window.
Auto Scrolling: Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed.
Horizontal Scrolling: Moving text left and right in a window.
Follow Mode: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
Faces: How to change the display style using faces.
Standard Faces: Emacs' predefined faces.
Font Lock: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
Highlight Interactively: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
Fringes: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
Displaying Boundaries: Displaying top and bottom of the buffer.
Useless Whitespace: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
Selective Display: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
Optional Mode Line: Optional mode line display features.
Text Display: How text characters are normally displayed.
Cursor Display: Features for displaying the cursor.
Line Truncation: Truncating lines to fit the screen width instead
Display Custom: Information on variables for customizing display.

Searching and Replacement

Incremental Search: Search happens as you type the string.
Nonincremental Search: Specify entire string and then search.
Word Search: Search for sequence of words.
Regexp Search: Search for match for a regexp.
Regexps: Syntax of regular expressions.
Regexp Backslash: Regular expression constructs starting with `\'.
Regexp Example: A complex regular expression explained.
Search Case: To ignore case while searching, or not.
Replace: Search, and replace some or all matches.
Other Repeating Search: Operating on all matches for some regexp.

Incremental Search

Basic Isearch: Basic incremental search commands.
Repeat Isearch: Searching for the same string again.
Error in Isearch: When your string is not found.
Special Isearch: Special input in incremental search.
Non-ASCII Isearch: How to search for non-ASCII characters.
Isearch Yank: Commands that grab text into the search string
Highlight Isearch: Isearch highlights the other possible matches.
Isearch Scroll: Scrolling during an incremental search.
Slow Isearch: Incremental search features for slow terminals.

Replacement Commands

Unconditional Replace: Replacing all matches for a string.
Regexp Replace: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
Replacement and Case: How replacements preserve case of letters.
Query Replace: How to use querying.

Commands for Fixing Typos

Undo: Full details of Emacs undo commands.
Kill Errors: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
Transpose: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
Fixing Case: Correcting case of last word entered.
Spelling: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.

Keyboard Macros

Basic Keyboard Macro: Defining and running keyboard macros.
Keyboard Macro Ring: Where previous keyboard macros are saved.
Keyboard Macro Counter: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros.
Keyboard Macro Query: Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
Save Keyboard Macro: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
Edit Keyboard Macro: Editing keyboard macros.
Keyboard Macro Step-Edit: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard

File Handling

File Names: How to type and edit file-name arguments.
Visiting: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
Saving: Saving makes your changes permanent.
Reverting: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
Autorevert: Auto Reverting non-file buffers.
Auto Save: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
File Aliases: Handling multiple names for one file.
Version Control: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
Directories: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
Comparing Files: Finding where two files differ.
Diff Mode: Editing diff output.
Misc File Ops: Other things you can do on files.
Compressed Files: Accessing compressed files.
File Archives: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files.
Remote Files: Accessing files on other sites.
Quoted File Names: Quoting special characters in file names.
File Name Cache: Completion against a list of files you often use.
File Conveniences: Convenience Features for Finding Files.
Filesets: Handling sets of files.

Saving Files

Save Commands: Commands for saving files.
Backup: How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
Customize Save: Customizing the saving of files.
Interlocking: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
File Shadowing: Copying files to "shadows" automatically.
Time Stamps: Emacs can update time stamps on saved files.

Backup Files

One or Many: Numbered Backups. Whether to make one backup file or many.
Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named.
Deletion: Backup Deletion. Emacs deletes excess numbered backups.
Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming.

Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters

Files: Auto Save Files. The file where auto-saved changes are
Control: Auto Save Control. Controlling when and how often to auto-save.
Recover: Recovering text from auto-save files.

Version Control

Introduction to VC: How version control works in general.
VC Mode Line: How the mode line shows version control status.
Basic VC Editing: How to edit a file under version control.
Old Versions: Examining and comparing old versions.
Secondary VC Commands: The commands used a little less frequently.
Branches: Multiple lines of development.
Remote Repositories: Efficient access to remote CVS servers.
Snapshots: Sets of file versions treated as a unit.
Miscellaneous VC: Various other commands and features of VC.
Customizing VC: Variables that change VC's behavior.

Using Multiple Buffers

Select Buffer: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
List Buffers: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
Misc Buffer: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
Kill Buffer: Killing buffers you no longer need.
Several Buffers: How to go through the list of all buffers
Indirect Buffers: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
Buffer Convenience: Convenience and customization features for

Multiple Windows

Basic Window: Introduction to Emacs windows.
Split Window: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
Other Window: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
Pop Up Window: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
Force Same Window: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
Change Window: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
Window Convenience: Convenience functions for window handling.

Frames and Graphical Displays

Cut and Paste: Mouse commands for cut and paste.
Mouse References: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
Menu Mouse Clicks: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
Mode Line Mouse: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
Creating Frames: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
Frame Commands: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
Speedbar: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
Multiple Displays: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
Special Buffer Frames: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
Frame Parameters: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
Scroll Bars: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
Wheeled Mice: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
Drag and Drop: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
Menu Bars: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
Tool Bars: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
Dialog Boxes: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
Tooltips: Showing "tooltips", AKA "balloon help" for active text.
Mouse Avoidance: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
Non-Window Terminals: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
Text-Only Mouse: Using the mouse in text-only terminals.

International Character Set Support

International Chars: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
Enabling Multibyte: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
Language Environments: Setting things up for the language you use.
Input Methods: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
Select Input Method: Specifying your choice of input methods.
Multibyte Conversion: How single-byte characters convert to multibyte.
Coding Systems: Character set conversion when you read and
Recognize Coding: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
Specify Coding: Specifying a file's coding system explicitly.
Output Coding: Choosing coding systems for output.
Text Coding: Choosing conversion to use for file text.
Communication Coding: Coding systems for interprocess communication.
File Name Coding: Coding systems for file _names_.
Terminal Coding: Specifying coding systems for converting
Fontsets: Fontsets are collections of fonts
Defining Fontsets: Defining a new fontset.
Undisplayable Characters: When characters don't display.
Unibyte Mode: You can pick one European character set
Charsets: How Emacs groups its internal character codes.

Major Modes

Choosing Modes: How major modes are specified or chosen.

Indentation

Indentation Commands: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
Tab Stops: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
Just Spaces: You can request indentation using just spaces.

Commands for Human Languages

Words: Moving over and killing words.
Sentences: Moving over and killing sentences.
Paragraphs: Moving over paragraphs.
Pages: Moving over pages.
Filling: Filling or justifying text.
Case: Changing the case of text.
Text Mode: The major modes for editing text files.
Outline Mode: Editing outlines.
TeX Mode: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
HTML Mode: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
Nroff Mode: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
Formatted Text: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
Text Based Tables: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion.

Filling Text

Auto Fill: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
Refill: Keeping paragraphs filled.
Fill Commands: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
Fill Prefix: Filling paragraphs that are indented
Adaptive Fill: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
Longlines: Editing text with very long lines.

Outline Mode

Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through
Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views.
Foldout: Folding means zooming in on outlines.

TeX Mode

Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features.

Editing Formatted Text

Requesting Formatted Text: Entering and exiting Enriched mode.
Hard and Soft Newlines: There are two different kinds of newlines.
Editing Format Info: How to edit text properties.
Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc.
Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text.
Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins.
Justification: Format Justification.
Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu.
Forcing Enriched Mode: How to force use of Enriched mode.

Editing Text-based Tables

Table Definition: What is a text based table.
Table Creation: How to create a table.
Table Recognition: How to activate and deactivate tables.
Cell Commands: Cell-oriented commands in a table.
Cell Justification: Justifying cell contents.
Row Commands: Manipulating rows of table cell.
Column Commands: Manipulating columns of table cell.
Fixed Width Mode: Fixing cell width.
Table Conversion: Converting between plain text and tables.
Measuring Tables: Analyzing table dimension.
Table Misc: Table miscellany.

Editing Programs

Program Modes: Major modes for editing programs.
Defuns: Commands to operate on major top-level parts
Program Indent: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
Parentheses: Commands that operate on parentheses.
Comments: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
Documentation: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
Hideshow: Displaying blocks selectively.
Symbol Completion: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
Glasses: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
Misc for Programs: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
C Modes: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
Asm Mode: Asm mode and its special features.
Fortran: Fortran mode and its special features.

Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns

Left Margin Paren: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
Moving by Defuns: Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
Imenu: Making buffer indexes as menus.
Which Function: Which Function mode shows which function you are in.

Indentation for Programs

Basic Indent: Indenting a single line.
Multi-line Indent: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
Lisp Indent: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
C Indent: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
Custom C Indent: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.

Commands for Editing with Parentheses

Expressions: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
Moving by Parens: Commands for moving up, down and across
Matching: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.

Manipulating Comments

Comment Commands: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
Multi-Line Comments: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
Options for Comments: Customizing the comment features.

Documentation Lookup

Info Lookup: Looking up library functions and commands
Man Page: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
Lisp Doc: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.

C and Related Modes

Motion in C: Commands to move by C statements, etc.
Electric C: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
Hungry Delete: A more powerful DEL command.
Other C Commands: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,

Compiling and Testing Programs

Compilation: Compiling programs in languages other
Compilation Mode: The mode for visiting compiler errors.
Compilation Shell: Customizing your shell properly
Grep Searching: Searching with grep.
Flymake: Finding syntax errors on the fly.
Debuggers: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
Executing Lisp: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
Lisp Libraries: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
Lisp Eval: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
Lisp Interaction: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
External Lisp: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.

Running Debuggers Under Emacs

Starting GUD: How to start a debugger subprocess.
Debugger Operation: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
Commands of GUD: Key bindings for common commands.
GUD Customization: Defining your own commands for GUD.
GDB Graphical Interface: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to

Maintaining Large Programs

Change Log: Maintaining a change history for your program.
Format of ChangeLog: What the change log file looks like.
Tags: Go direct to any function in your program in one
Emerge: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.

Tags Tables

Tag Syntax: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
Create Tags Table: Creating a tags table with `etags'.
Etags Regexps: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions.
Select Tags Table: How to visit a tags table.
Find Tag: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
Tags Search: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
List Tags: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.

Abbrevs

Abbrev Concepts: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
Defining Abbrevs: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
Expanding Abbrevs: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
Editing Abbrevs: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
Saving Abbrevs: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
Dynamic Abbrevs: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
Dabbrev Customization: What is a word, for dynamic abbrevs. Case handling.

Editing Pictures

Basic Picture: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
Insert in Picture: Controlling direction of cursor motion
Tabs in Picture: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
Rectangles in Picture: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.

Sending Mail

Mail Format: Format of the mail being composed.
Mail Headers: Details of permitted mail header fields.
Mail Aliases: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
Mail Mode: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
Mail Amusements: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
Mail Methods: Using alternative mail-composition methods.

Reading Mail with Rmail

Rmail Basics: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
Rmail Scrolling: Scrolling through a message.
Rmail Motion: Moving to another message.
Rmail Deletion: Deleting and expunging messages.
Rmail Inbox: How mail gets into the Rmail file.
Rmail Files: Using multiple Rmail files.
Rmail Output: Copying message out to files.
Rmail Labels: Classifying messages by labeling them.
Rmail Attributes: Certain standard labels, called attributes.
Rmail Reply: Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
Rmail Summary: Summaries show brief info on many messages.
Rmail Sorting: Sorting messages in Rmail.
Rmail Display: How Rmail displays a message; customization.
Rmail Coding: How Rmail handles decoding character sets.
Rmail Editing: Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
Rmail Digest: Extracting the messages from a digest message.
Out of Rmail: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
Rmail Rot13: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
Movemail: More details of fetching new mail.
Remote Mailboxes: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes.
Other Mailbox Formats: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in

Dired, the Directory Editor

Dired Enter: How to invoke Dired.
Dired Navigation: How to move in the Dired buffer.
Dired Deletion: Deleting files with Dired.
Flagging Many Files: Flagging files based on their names.
Dired Visiting: Other file operations through Dired.
Marks vs Flags: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
Operating on Files: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
Shell Commands in Dired: Running a shell command on the marked files.
Transforming File Names: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
Comparison in Dired: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
Subdirectories in Dired: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
Subdir Switches: Subdirectory switches in Dired.
Subdirectory Motion: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
Hiding Subdirectories: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
Dired Updating: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
Dired and Find: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
Wdired: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
Image-Dired: Viewing image thumbnails in Dired
Misc Dired Features: Various other features.

The Calendar and the Diary

Calendar Motion: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
Scroll Calendar: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
Counting Days: How many days are there between two dates?
General Calendar: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
Writing Calendar Files: Writing calendars to files of various formats.
Holidays: Displaying dates of holidays.
Sunrise/Sunset: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
Lunar Phases: Displaying phases of the moon.
Other Calendars: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
Diary: Displaying events from your diary.
Appointments: Reminders when it's time to do something.
Importing Diary: Converting diary events to/from other formats.
Daylight Saving: How to specify when daylight saving time is active.
Time Intervals: Keeping track of time intervals.
Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage: Advanced Calendar/Diary customization.

Movement in the Calendar

Calendar Unit Motion: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
Move to Beginning or End: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
Specified Dates: Moving to the current date or another

Conversion To and From Other Calendars

Calendar Systems: The calendars Emacs understands
To Other Calendar: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
From Other Calendar: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
Mayan Calendar: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.

The Diary

Displaying the Diary: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
Format of Diary File: Entering events in your diary.
Date Formats: Various ways you can specify dates.
Adding to Diary: Commands to create diary entries.
Special Diary Entries: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.

Gnus

Buffers of Gnus: The group, summary, and article buffers.
Gnus Startup: What you should know about starting Gnus.
Summary of Gnus: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.

Running Shell Commands from Emacs

Single Shell: How to run one shell command and return.
Interactive Shell: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
Shell Mode: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
Shell Prompts: Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
Shell History: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
Directory Tracking: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
Shell Options: Options for customizing Shell mode.
Terminal emulator: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
Term Mode: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
Paging in Term: Paging in the terminal emulator.
Remote Host: Connecting to another computer.

Using Emacs as a Server

Invoking emacsclient: Emacs client startup options.

Printing Hard Copies

PostScript: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
PostScript Variables: Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
Printing Package: An optional advanced printing interface.

Hyperlinking and Navigation Features

Browse-URL: Following URLs.
Goto-address: Activating URLs.
FFAP: Finding files etc. at point.

Customization

Minor Modes: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
Easy Customization: Convenient way to browse and change user options.
Variables: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
Key Bindings: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
Syntax: The syntax table controls how words and
Init File: How to write common customizations in the

Variables

Examining: Examining or setting one variable's value.
Hooks: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
Locals: Per-buffer values of variables.
File Variables: How files can specify variable values.

Customizing Key Bindings

Keymaps: Generalities. The global keymap.
Prefix Keymaps: Keymaps for prefix keys.
Local Keymaps: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
Minibuffer Maps: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
Rebinding: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
Init Rebinding: Rebinding keys with your init file, `.emacs'.
Function Keys: Rebinding terminal function keys.
Named ASCII Chars: Distinguishing <TAB> from C-i, and so on.
Mouse Buttons: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
Disabling: Disabling a command means confirmation is required

The Init File, `~/.emacs'

Init Syntax: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
Init Examples: How to do some things with an init file.
Terminal Init: Each terminal type can have an init file.
Find Init: How Emacs finds the init file.
Init Non-ASCII: Using non-ASCII characters in an init file.

Dealing with Emacs Trouble

DEL Does Not Delete: What to do if <DEL> doesn't delete.
Stuck Recursive: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
Screen Garbled: Garbage on the screen.
Text Garbled: Garbage in the text.
Memory Full: How to cope when you run out of memory.
After a Crash: Recovering editing in an Emacs session that crashed.
Emergency Escape: Emergency escape---
Total Frustration: When you are at your wits' end.

Reporting Bugs

Bug Criteria: Have you really found a bug?
Understanding Bug Reporting: How to report a bug effectively.
Checklist: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
Sending Patches: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.

Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation

Action Arguments: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
Initial Options: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
Command Example: Examples of using command line arguments.
Resume Arguments: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
Environment: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
Display X: Changing the default display and using remote login.
Font X: Choosing a font for text, under X.
Colors: Choosing display colors.
Window Size X: Start-up window size, under X.
Borders X: Internal and external borders, under X.
Title X: Specifying the initial frame's title.
Icons X: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
Misc X: Other display options.

Environment Variables

General Variables: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
Misc Variables: Certain system specific variables.
MS-Windows Registry: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows.

X Options and Resources

Resources: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
Table of Resources: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
Face Resources: X resources for customizing faces.
Lucid Resources: X resources for Lucid menus.
LessTif Resources: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
GTK resources: Resources for GTK widgets.

Emacs and Mac OS

Mac Input: Keyboard and mouse input on Mac.
Mac International: International character sets on Mac.
Mac Environment Variables: Setting environment variables for Emacs.
Mac Directories: Volumes and directories on Mac.
Mac Font Specs: Specifying fonts on Mac.
Mac Functions: Mac-specific Lisp functions.

Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS

Text and Binary: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines.
Windows Files: File-name conventions on Windows.
ls in Lisp: Emulation of `ls' for Dired.
Windows HOME: Where Emacs looks for your `.emacs'.
Windows Keyboard: Windows-specific keyboard features.
Windows Mouse: Windows-specific mouse features.
Windows Processes: Running subprocesses on Windows.
Windows Printing: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
Windows Misc: Miscellaneous Windows features.
MS-DOS: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as "MS-DOG").

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