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sed, a stream editor
********************

This file documents version 4.2.1 of GNU `sed', a stream editor.

   Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.

   This document is released under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 1.1, or (at your option) any later version.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Free Documentation
License along with GNU `sed'; see the file `COPYING.DOC'.  If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

   There are no Cover Texts and no Invariant Sections; this text, along
with its equivalent in the printed manual, constitutes the Title Page.

Introduction

Introduction

Invoking sed

Invocation

sed Programs

`sed' programs

Examples

Some sample scripts

Limitations

Limitations and (non-)limitations of GNU `sed'

Other Resources

Other resources for learning about `sed'

Reporting Bugs

Reporting bugs

Extended regexps

`egrep'-style regular expressions

Concept Index

A menu with all the topics in this manual.

Command and Option Index

A menu with all `sed' commands and

command-line options.

--- The detailed node listing ---

sed Programs:

Execution Cycle

How `sed' works

Addresses

Selecting lines with `sed'

Regular Expressions

Overview of regular expression syntax

Common Commands

Often used commands

The "s" Command

`sed''s Swiss Army Knife

Other Commands

Less frequently used commands

Programming Commands

Commands for `sed' gurus

Extended Commands

Commands specific of GNU `sed'

Escapes

Specifying special characters

Examples:

Centering lines

Increment a number

Rename files to lower case

Print bash environment

Reverse chars of lines

tac

Reverse lines of files

cat -n

Numbering lines

cat -b

Numbering non-blank lines

wc -c

Counting chars

wc -w

Counting words

wc -l

Counting lines

head

Printing the first lines

tail

Printing the last lines

uniq

Make duplicate lines unique

uniq -d

Print duplicated lines of input

uniq -u

Remove all duplicated lines

cat -s

Squeezing blank lines