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linux_tutorial_two
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=2.1 Copying Files==== ===cp (copy)=== **cp** **file1** **file2** is the command which makes a copy of **file1** in the current working directory and calls it **file2** What we are going to do now, is to take a fil
linux_tutorial_three
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of the **cat** command to write the contents of a file to the screen. Now type **cat** without specifing a file to read <code>compsci-user@tim:~$ cat</code> Th... you run the **cat** command without specifying a file to read, it reads the standard input (the keyboard), and on receiving the'end of file' (**^D**), copies it to the standard output (the
linux_tutorial_seven
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ers to simplify these steps. ===make and the Makefile=== The make command allows programmers to manage... program gets its set of compile rules from a text file called Makefile which resides in the same directory as the source files. It contains information on how... , etc. Some packages require you to edit the Makefile by hand to set the final installation directory a
linux_tutorial_five
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=====Linux Tutorial Five===== ====5.1 File system security (access rights)==== In your testdir director... of your directory, similar to the example below. File and directory access rights Each file (and directory) has associated access rights, which may be found... additional information as to which group owns the file (beng95 in the following example): * -rwxrw-r-
linux_tutorial_six
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e allocated a certain amount of disk space on the file system for their personal files, usually about 10... The df command reports on the space left on the file system. For example, to find out how much space i... code> ===compress=== This reduces the size of a file, thus freeing valuable disk space. For example, t... s -l science.txt</code> and note the size of the file. Then to compress science.txt, type <code>compsc
linux_tutorial_eight
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wo files called .login and .cshrc (note that both file names begin with a dot). At login the C shell fi... es are to set ENVIRONMENT variables in the .login file and SHELL variables in the .cshrc file. WARNING: NEVER put commands that run graphical displays (e.g. a web browser) in your .cshrc or .login file. ====8.5 Setting shell variables in the .cshrc f
linux_tutorial_four
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will match against none or more character(s) in a file (or directory) name. For example, in your unixstu... here that a directory is merely a special type of file. So the rules and conventions for naming files ap... ing spaces within names. The safest way to name a file is to use only alphanumeric characters, that is, ... mbers, together with _ (underscore) and . (dot). File names conventionally start with a lower-case lett
linux_tutorial_one
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ory you are in, i.e. your current position in the file-system tree. To change to the directory you have... ctory. This is very useful if you are lost in the file system.</note> ==== 1.5 Pathnames ==== ===pwd (... o work out where you are in relation to the whole file-system. For example, to find out the absolute pat... ommands **cd**, **ls** and **pwd** to explore the file system. (Remember, if you get lost, type **cd**