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linux_tutorial_three
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initiated by UNIX commands write to the standard output (that is, they write to the terminal screen), ... ts of a file to the screen. Now type **cat** without specifing a file to read <code>compsci-user@tim:... has happened? If you run the **cat** command without specifying a file to read, it reads the standard ... 'end of file' (**^D**), copies it to the standard output (the screen). In Linux, we can redirect both
linux_tutorial_two
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artment has read and copy access. If you are from outside the University, you can grab a copy of the fi... e terminal window of the previous commands so the output of the following commands can be clearly under... txt </code> As you can see, **grep** has printed out each line containg the word science. Or has it??... n at a time, for example, the number of lines without the words science or Science is <code>compsci-us
linux_tutorial_four
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: some applications give the same name to all the output files they generate. For example, some compi... ppropriate option, produce compiled files named a.out. Should you forget to use that option, you are ad... ere are on-line manuals which gives information about most commands. The manual pages tell you which op... e for a particular command. For example, to find out more about the wc (word count) command, type <co
linux_tutorial_one
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onal files and subdirectories are saved. To find out what is in your home directory, type <code> comps... rking directory)=== Pathnames enable you to work out where you are in relation to the whole file-system. For example, to find out the absolute pathname of your home-directory, typ... return to your home-directory) ==== 1.6 More about home directories and pathnames ==== ===Understand
linux_tutorial_six
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e file system for their personal files, usually about 100Mb. If you go over your quota, you are given 7... ace left on the file system. For example, to find out how much space is left on the fileserver, type <... user@tim:~$ df .</code> ===du=== The du command outputs the number of kilobyes used by each subdirect... if you have gone over quota and you want to find out which directory has the most files. In your home-
linux_tutorial_eight
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shell should search to find a command) ==Finding out the current values of these variables.== ENVIRON... ractive commands shell your login shell) Finding out the current values of these variables. SHELL var
linux_tutorial_seven
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e contents of this variable. We will learn more about environment variables in a later chapter. If con... need this debugging information, we can strip it out of the final executable. One of the advantages of... trip all the debug and line numbering information out of the binary file, use the strip command % str
linux_tutorial_five
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You will see that you now get lots of details about the contents of your directory, similar to the ex... ue PID (process identifier). To see information about your processes, with their associated PID and sta... urned immediately, and other tasks can be carried out while the original process continues executing.